A pilonidal cyst (also called pilonidal cyst disease, intergluteal pilonidal disease, Sacrococcygeal fistula or pilonidal sinus) is a skin condition that develops over the tailbone at the top of the cleft of the buttocks— anywhere from the tailbone to the anus. The cyst usually contains hair and skin debris. More than one cyst may develop and these are linked by tunnels under the skin. A pilonidal cyst can be extremely painful especially when sitting. During World War II, pilonidal cysts were often called "Jeep driver's disease” because they’re more common in people who sit often.
Anyone can get a pilonidal cyst, but certain people are at higher risk:
Experts don’t yet know all the causes of pilonidal cysts. However, they do know that ingrown hairs found in the crease of the buttocks result in a skin infection that causes a pilonidal cyst to form. If it’s not treated, a pilonidal cyst can possibly lead to an abscess or a sinus cavity which indicate that the skin infection is getting worse.
You are required to under go full physical examination. During the exam doctor will check the crease of your buttocks for signs of a pilonidal cyst. If you have a pilonidal cyst, it should be visible to the naked eye. Doctor might spot what looks like a pimple or oozing cyst. If so, he may also ask you few related questions, including:
A CT scan or MRI may be needed to look for any sinus cavities (little holes) which may have formed under the surface of your skin.
Depending on the severity of your symptoms, you may be suggested different types of procedures to remove your pilonidal cyst. There are several other treatment methods available besides surgery, including:
A. Incision, drainage, and curettage of the abscess cavity to remove hair nests and skin debris in acute cases.This procedure can happen right in your doctor’s office.
B. Injections: Injections (phenol, an acidic chemical compound) can treat and prevent mild and moderate pilonidal cysts.
C. Plastic Surgery techniques in Chronic cases
D. Minimal Invasive Procedures (Laser/ Endoscopic)
A. Antibiotics-Antibiotics can treat skin inflammation. However, antibiotics can’t heal pilonidal cysts on their own.
B. Pain Killer, you can try to manage any pain you may feel by using a warm compress on the affected area to soothe your skin. You might also feel less pain when using an inflatable seat or mattress.
C. Dressing to be applied at Sinus opening wound (Hydrogel )
D. Hair to be shaved on weekly intervals
Laser therapy: Laser therapy can remove hair which otherwise might become ingrown and cause more pilonidal cysts to come back.